Shloka 39

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

Devanagari script

सत्त्वसंसेवनाद धीरो निद्रामुच्छेत्तुमरहति । विद्वानोंने योगके जो काम, क्रोध, लोभ, भय और पाँचवाँ स्वप्र--ये पाँच दोष बताये हैं उनका पूर्णतया उच्छेद करे। इनमेंसे क्रोधको शम (मनोनिग्रह) के द्वारा जीते, कामको संकल्पके त्यागद्वारा पराजित करे तथा धीर पुरुष सत्वगुणका सेवन करनेसे निद्राका उच्छेद कर सकता है

Transliteration

sattvasaṁsevanād dhīro nidrām ucchettum arhati | vidvān yogake ye kāma-krodha-lobha-bhayaṁ ca pañcamaṁ svapnam—ime pañca doṣāḥ proktāḥ—tān sarvathā ucchedayet | teṣāṁ madhye krodhaṁ śamena (manonigrahena) jayet, kāmaṁ saṅkalpatyāgena parājayet, tathā dhīraḥ sattvaguṇasaṁsevanena nidrāyā ucchedaṁ kartum arhati ||

Translation

Vyāsa said: By cultivating the quality of sattva, a steadfast person becomes capable of cutting off excessive sleep. The wise, intent on yoga, should completely uproot the five faults that are taught—desire, anger, greed, fear, and as the fifth, dreaming. Among these, anger is to be conquered through calm self-restraint; desire is to be defeated by abandoning compulsive resolve and fixation. Thus, through sustained reliance on sattva, the resolute can overcome sleep and remain fit for disciplined practice.

Word by Word

• {'sattva-saṁsevana': 'cultivation/association with sattva (clarity, purity, balance)', 'dhīra': 'steadfast, self-possessed person', 'nidrā': 'sleep

• here, lethargy/excessive sleep as an obstacle', 'ucchettum / uccheda': 'to cut off, uproot, eliminate', 'vidvān': 'the wise, learned person', 'yoga': 'discipline of inner integration

• meditative/ethical practice', 'kāma': 'desire, craving', 'krodha': 'anger', 'lobha': 'greed, avarice', 'bhaya': 'fear', 'svapna': 'dreaming

• mental agitation in sleep, distraction', 'doṣa': 'fault, defect, obstacle', 'śama': 'calmness

• mental pacification, self-control', 'manonigraha': 'restraint of the mind', 'saṅkalpa': 'resolve, intention

• often obsessive mental construction', 'saṅkalpa-tyāga': 'abandonment of (binding) resolve/fixation', 'parājayet / jayet': 'should defeat / should conquer', 'sattva-guṇa': 'the sattva quality among the guṇas'}

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa