Shloka 19
Adhyātma-krama: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman Hierarchy and Citta-Prasāda (आध्यात्मक्रमः)
Devanagari script
निश्चितं कालनानात्वमनादिनिधनं च यत् । कीर्तितं यत् पुरस्तान्मे सूते यच्चात्ति च प्रजा:,इसी प्रकार निश्चय ही कालके भी अनेक रूप हैं। उसका न आदि है और न अन्त। वही प्रजाकी सृष्टि करता है और अन्तमें वही सबको अपना ग्रास बना लेता है। यह बात मैंने तुमको पहले ही बता दी है
Translation
Vyāsa said: “It is certain that Time has many forms. It has neither beginning nor end. It is Time that brings forth creatures, and in the end it is Time that devours all. This I have already told you before.”
Word by Word
निश्चितम्certain, fixed
निश्चितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिश्चित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कालनानात्वम्the manifoldness/variety of Time
कालनानात्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकालनानात्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अनादिनिधनम्beginningless and endless
अनादिनिधनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनादिनिधन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
यत्which/that
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कीर्तितम्has been declared/mentioned
कीर्तितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकीर्तित
FormPerfect passive participle (past), Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पुरस्तात्formerly, earlier
पुरस्तात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरस्तात्
मेto me / of me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative/Genitive, Singular
सूतेO Sūta (charioteer/bard)
सूते:
TypeNoun
Rootसूता
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अत्तिdevours, eats up
अत्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअद्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
प्रजाःcreatures, subjects
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
Speaker
व्यास उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes