Shloka 3
Āśrama-dharma and Brahmacarya: Śuka’s Inquiry on Karma and Tyāga (शुक-प्रश्नः कर्मत्यागविवेकश्च)
अधीत्य वेदानखिलान् गुरुशुश्रूषणे रत: । गुरूणामनृणो भूत्वा समावर्तेत यज्ञवित्,उपनयनके पश्चात् ब्राह्मण-बालक गुरुशुश्रूषामें तत्पर हो सम्पूर्ण वेदोंका अध्ययन करे। तत्पश्चात् पर्याप्त गुरु-दक्षिणा दे। गुर-ऋणसे उऋण हो वह यज्ञवेत्ता बालक समावर्तन- संस्कारके पश्चात् घर लौटे
adhītya vedān akhilān guruśuśrūṣaṇe rataḥ | gurūṇām anṛṇo bhūtvā samāvarteta yajñavit ||
Vyāsa said: Having studied all the Vedas in full and remaining devoted to service of the teacher, the student—becoming free of debt to his teachers by offering due dakṣiṇā—should then perform the graduation rite (samāvartana) and return to household life as one who understands sacrifice (yajña) and sacred duty.
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
A student’s dharma is to complete Vedic study with disciplined service to the teacher, then repay the teachers’ obligation (through proper guru-dakṣiṇā and conduct), and only after becoming ‘debt-free’ to the guru should he formally graduate (samāvartana) and enter the next stage of life with understanding of yajña and duty.
In Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Vyāsa lays out the proper sequence for a brahmacārin: study the Vedas, serve the guru, settle one’s obligation to the teachers, and then perform the samāvartana rite that marks the completion of studentship and the return to household responsibilities.