Shloka 53
कालनिर्णयः, युगधर्मवर्णनम्, सृष्टिक्रमश्च
Time-Reckoning, Yuga-Dharma, and the Sequence of Creation
देवराज! समस्त प्राणियोंकी गति जो काल है, उसको प्राप्त हुए बिना तुम कहाँ जाओगे? मनुष्य भागकर भी उसे छोड़ नहीं सकता--उससे दूर नहीं जा सकता और न खड़ा होकर ही उसके चंगुलसे छूट सकता है। श्रवण आदि समस्त इन्द्रियाँ मास-पक्ष आदि पाँच भेदोंसे युक्त उस कालका अनुभव नहीं कर पातीं। कुछ लोग इन कालदेवताको अग्नि कहते हैं और कुछ प्रजापति ।। ऋतून मासार्धमासांश्व दिवसांश्व क्षणांस्तथा | पूर्वाह्लमपराह्नंं च मध्याह्नमपि चापरे
ṛtūn māsārdhamāsāṁś ca divasāṁś ca kṣaṇāṁs tathā | pūrvāhṇam aparāhṇaṁ ca madhyāhnam api cāpare ||
Śakra said: “O king of the gods! Time is the course of all beings; without reaching Time, where could you go? A man cannot cast it off even by running—he cannot get away from it; nor, by standing still, can he escape its grasp. Hearing and all the other senses cannot truly experience that Time, distinguished as months, half-months, and fivefold divisions. Some call this deity of Time Agni, and some Prajāpati. Time measures and bears all beings onward—through the seasons, the months and half-months, the days and even the fleeting instants; through the forenoon, the afternoon, and the midday as well.”
श॒क्र उवाच
Educational Q&A
Time (Kāla) is the universal force that governs all beings and all change. By listing seasons, months, days, and moments, the verse teaches that what we treat as ordinary timekeeping is actually the manifestation of an inescapable cosmic power; therefore pride, denial, or attempts to outrun destiny are futile, and one should live with humility and dharmic awareness.
Śakra (Indra) is explaining the nature of Kāla to his interlocutor, emphasizing that Time is perceived through its divisions—seasons, months, days, and parts of the day—and noting that different traditions identify this same principle as Agni or Prajāpati.