Shloka 16

Vimokṣa-niścaya: Pañcaśikha’s Analysis of Aggregates, Guṇas, and Tyāga (मोक्षनिर्णयः)

Devanagari script

भावान्‌ सर्वनुपावृत्तान्‌ समीक्ष्य विषयात्मकान्‌ | शान्तिमिच्छन्नदीनात्मा संयच्छेदिन्द्रियाणि च

Transliteration

bhāvān sarvānupāvṛttān samīkṣya viṣayātmakān | śāntim icchann adīnātmā saṃyacched indriyāṇi ca ||

Translation

Having carefully examined all mental states that arise in connection with sense-objects, a steadfast person who seeks inner peace should restrain the senses as well.

Word by Word

• भावान्: states/conditions (mental states, existents)
• भावान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• उपावृत्तान्: returned/turned back; withdrawn
• उपावृत्तान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-आ-वृत्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural, Past Passive Participle (क्त)

• समीक्ष्य: having examined/considered
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-ईक्ष्
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: ल्यप्), Parasmaipada (usage)

• विषयात्मकान्: having the nature of sense-objects; object-oriented
• विषयात्मकान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विषय-आत्मक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• शान्तिम्: peace, tranquility
• शान्तिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शान्ति
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• इच्छन्: desiring
• इच्छन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Present Active Participle (शतृ)

• अदीनात्मा: one whose spirit is not dejected; steadfast-minded person
• अदीनात्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अदीन-आत्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• संयच्छेत्: should restrain/control
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-यम्
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• इन्द्रियाणि: the senses
• इन्द्रियाणि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्रिय
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Peace (śānti) is attained by reflective discernment of sense-object-based mental movements and by actively restraining the senses; insight and discipline must work together.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma, instructing on dharma in the Śānti Parva, gives a practical counsel for inner tranquility: observe how the mind’s states are driven by sensory objects, then curb the senses to prevent further agitation.