Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 7

Adhyātma-nirdeśa

Definition of Adhyātma): Mahābhūtas, Indriyas, Guṇas, and the Witness (Kṣetrajña

पज्चधारणके हास्मिन्‌ शरीरे जीवितं कुतः । तेषामन्यतराभावाच्चतुर्ण नास्ति संशय:,अथवा जैसे कुआँमें जल गिराया जाय या जलती आगमें जला हुआ दीपक डाल दिया जाय, तो वे दोनों शीघ्र ही उनमें प्रविष्ट होकर अपना पृथक्‌ अस्तित्व खो बैठते हैं। उसी प्रकार पांचभौतिक शरीरका नाश होनेपर जीव भी पाँचों तत्त्वमें विलीन होकर अपने पृथक्‌ अस्तित्वसे रहित हो जाना चाहिये, ऐसा मान लेनेपर तो पाँच भूतोंसे धारण किये हुए इस शरीरमें जीव है ही कहाँ? अतः यह सिद्ध हुआ कि पांचभौतिक संघातसे भिन्न जीव नहीं है; उन पाँच तत्त्वोंमेंसे किसी एकका अभाव होनेपर शेष चारोंका भी अभाव हो जाता है-- इसमें संशय नहीं है

pañcadhāraṇake hāsmin śarīre jīvitaṁ kutaḥ | teṣām anyatarābhāvāc caturṇāṁ nāsti saṁśayaḥ ||

Bharadvāja said: “In this body, which is merely a support compounded of the five elements, from where could ‘life’ (a distinct living self) arise? Indeed, if any one of those constituents is absent, the remaining four also fail—of this there is no doubt.”

पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्च
Form—, —, —
धारणकेin the support/holder (i.e., in what sustains)
धारणके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधारणक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
indeed/for emphasis
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
शरीरेin the body
शरीरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
जीवितम्life/living (life-principle)
जीवितम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कुतःwhence?/how (could it be)?
कुतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुतः
तेषाम्of those (elements/constituents)
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Form—, Genitive, Plural
अन्यतरof any one (of them)
अन्यतर:
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्यतर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अभावात्from absence/non-existence
अभावात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअभाव
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
चतुर्णाम्of the four (remaining)
चतुर्णाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
Form—, Genitive, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भरद्वाज उवाच

B
Bharadvāja
Ś
śarīra (body)
P
pañca (five constituents / five elements)

Educational Q&A

The verse advances a reductionist argument: if the body is only an aggregate sustained by five elemental constituents, then ‘life’ as an independent entity is hard to justify; moreover, the constituents are mutually dependent, so the loss of one undermines the whole. It challenges the notion of a separately existing living self within a purely elemental body.

In the Śānti Parva’s philosophical dialogue, Bharadvāja raises a pointed question about the basis of life and individuality, using the body’s dependence on elemental constituents to argue against (or critically test) the idea of a distinct, separable jīva.