Shloka 2
मृत्यु-काल-प्रबोधनम् (Instruction on Mortality, Time, and Truth) — Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 169
Devanagari script
कीदृशा मानवा: सौम्या: कै: प्रीति: परमा भवेत् । आयत्यां च तदात्वे च के क्षमास्तान् वदस्व मे,सौम्य स्वभावके मनुष्य कैसे होते हैं? किनके साथ प्रेम करना उत्तम होता है? वर्तमान और भविष्यमें कौन-से मनुष्य उपकार करनेमें समर्थ होते हैं? उन सबका मुझसे वर्णन कीजिये
Translation
“What are gentle and good-natured people like? With whom is it best to place one’s highest affection? And in the present and in the future, what kind of people are capable of doing good and giving help? Tell me of them all.”
Word by Word
कीदृशाःof what kind
कीदृशाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकीदृश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मानवाःmen, humans
मानवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सौम्याःgentle, amiable
सौम्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसौम्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कैःwith whom / by whom
कैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
प्रीतिःaffection, love
प्रीतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रीति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
परमाsupreme, highest
परमा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्may be / should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आयत्याम्in the future
आयत्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआयति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
तदात्वेin the present time
तदात्वे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतदात्व
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
केwhich (people)
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्षमाःcapable, competent
क्षमाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तान्those (people)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वदस्वtell, speak
वदस्व:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormImperative (Lot), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
Speaker
युधिछिर उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes