Shloka 42

Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)

Devanagari script

पूजन्युवाच वैरं पञ्चसमुत्थानं तच्च बुध्यन्ति पण्डिता: । स्त्रीकृतं वास्तुजं वाग्ज॑ं ससापत्नापराधजम्‌,पूजनी बोली--राजन्‌! वैर पाँच कारणोंसे हुआ करता है; इस बातको दिद्दान्‌ पुरुष अच्छी तरह जानते हैं। १. स्त्रीके लिये, २. घर और जमीनके लिये, ३. कठोर वाणीके कारण, ४. जातिगत द्वेषके कारण और ५. किसी समय किये हुए अपराधके कारण

Transliteration

pūjanī uvāca: vairaṁ pañcasamutthānaṁ tac ca budhyanti paṇḍitāḥ | strīkṛtaṁ vāstujaṁ vāgjaṁ sasāpatnāparādhajam ||

Translation

Pūjanī said: “O King, enmity arises from five sources—so the wise clearly understand. It is born (1) from a woman (rivalry over a woman), (2) from house, land, or property, (3) from harsh or wounding speech, (4) from an offense connected with a co-wife (rivalry within a polygynous household), and (5) from a past wrongdoing.”

Word by Word

• [{'term': 'vairaṁ', 'definition': 'enmity, hostility, feud'}, {'term': 'pañca-samutthānam', 'definition': 'having five origins

• arising from five causes'}, {'term': 'budhyanti', 'definition': 'understand, discern'}, {'term': 'paṇḍitāḥ', 'definition': 'the wise, learned persons'}, {'term': 'strīkṛtam', 'definition': 'caused by a woman

• arising from desire/competition involving a woman'}, {'term': 'vāstujam', 'definition': 'arising from vāstu: dwelling, house, land, property'}, {'term': 'vāgjam', 'definition': 'born of speech

• caused by words (especially harsh/insulting speech)'}, {'term': 'sasāpatnāparādhajam', 'definition': 'arising from an offense involving a co-wife (sapatnī)

• born of rivalry/resentment among co-wives'}, {'term': 'rājan', 'definition': 'O King (vocative address)'}]

Speaker

ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Pūjanī
• King (Rājan)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Enmity is not random; it commonly springs from identifiable social triggers—sexual/romantic rivalry, disputes over property, injuries caused by harsh speech, domestic rivalry among co-wives, and lingering resentment from earlier wrongdoing. Recognizing these sources helps one prevent conflict through restraint, fairness, and accountability.

What is happening in the narrative?

Pūjanī addresses a king and classifies the typical roots of feuds into five categories, presenting a practical moral analysis of how quarrels begin and why wise people treat these causes with caution.