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Shloka 4

Gratitude, Discernment, and the Escalation of Power (Śvā–Dvipī–Vyāghra–Nāga–Siṃha–Śarabha Itihāsa)

दीक्षादमपर: शान्तः स्वाध्यायपरम: शुचि: । उपवासविशुद्धात्मा सततं सच्त्वमास्थित:,वे उत्तम व्रतकी दीक्षा लेकर इन्द्रियसंयम और मनोनिग्रह करते हुए प्रतिदिन पवित्रभावसे वेद-शास्त्रोंके स्वाध्यायमें लगे रहते थे। उपवाससे उनका अन्त:करण शुद्ध हो गया था। वे सदा सत्त्वगुणमें स्थित थे

bhīṣma uvāca |

dīkṣā-dama-paraḥ śāntaḥ svādhyāya-paramaḥ śuciḥ |

upavāsa-viśuddhātmā satataṁ sattvam āsthitaḥ ||

Bhishma said: “He was devoted to consecrated discipline (dīkṣā) and self-restraint, tranquil in mind, and supremely committed to sacred study (svādhyāya), living in purity. Through fasting his inner being became cleansed, and he remained continually established in the quality of sattva.”

दीक्षा-दम-परःdevoted to initiation (vows) and self-control
दीक्षा-दम-परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदीक्षा + दम + पर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शान्तःcalm, tranquil
शान्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वाध्याय-परमःchiefly devoted to Vedic study/recitation
स्वाध्याय-परमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वाध्याय + परम्/पर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शुचिःpure, clean
शुचिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपवास-विशुद्ध-आत्माone whose inner self is purified by fasting
उपवास-विशुद्ध-आत्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउपवास + विशुद्ध + आत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सततम्always, continually
सततम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसततम्
Formtrue
सत्त्वम्sattva (purity/clarity; the sattva-guṇa)
सत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आस्थितःhaving taken to; abiding in
आस्थितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था (धातु: स्था) → आस्थित (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Parasmaipada (participial usage)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (speaker)

Educational Q&A

Ethical excellence is portrayed as a disciplined life: vows (dīkṣā), sense-restraint (dama), inner calm (śānti), continual scriptural study (svādhyāya), and purification through fasting (upavāsa), culminating in steady establishment in sattva (clarity and goodness).

In Bhishma’s discourse in the Śānti Parva, he describes an exemplary person’s conduct—highlighting their vows, restraint, purity, fasting, and constant dedication to Vedic study—as a model of dharmic character.