Shloka 1
Gratitude, Discernment, and the Escalation of Power (Śvā–Dvipī–Vyāghra–Nāga–Siṃha–Śarabha Itihāsa)
षोडशाधिकशततमोब<्ध्याय: सज्जनोंके चरित्रके विषयमें दृष्टान्तरूपसे एक महर्षि और कुत्तेकी कथा युधिछ्िर उवाच (न सन्ति कुलजा यत्र सहाया: पार्थिवस्य तु । अकुलीनाश्न कर्तव्या न वा भरतसत्तम ||) युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--भरतश्रेष्ठ)! जहाँ राजाके पास अच्छे कुलमें उत्पन्न सहायक नहीं हैं, वहाँ वह नीच कुलके मनुष्योंको सहायक बना सकता है या नहीं? ।। भीष्म उवाच अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् । निदर्शनं परं लोके सज्जानाचरिते सदा,भीष्मजीने कहा--युधिष्ठिर! इस विषयमें जानकार लोग एक प्राचीन इतिहासका उदाहरण दिया करते हैं, जो लोकमें सत्पुरुषोंके आचरणके सम्बन्धमें सदा उत्तम आदर्श माना जाता है
bhīṣma uvāca | atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṃ purātanam | nidarśanaṃ paraṃ loke sajjanācārite sadā ||
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | na santi kulajā yatra sahāyāḥ pārthivasya tu | akulīnān kṛtavyā na vā bharatasattama ||
Bhīṣma said: “On this matter too, the learned cite an ancient historical example—an illustration held in the world as a supreme model for the conduct of the virtuous.” Yudhiṣṭhira said: “O best of the Bharatas! If a king has no helpers born in good families, should he appoint men of low or unknown lineage as assistants, or should he not?”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The passage frames a dharmic question of governance: when ideal, well-born aides are unavailable, a ruler must weigh lineage against practical competence and ethical reliability. Bhishma signals that the answer will be guided by an exemplary ancient story illustrating how the virtuous act in such dilemmas.
Yudhishthira asks Bhishma whether a king may appoint assistants of low or unknown lineage if no well-born helpers are available. Bhishma begins his reply by introducing an old itihasa (traditional story) used as a model for the conduct of good people, setting up the forthcoming illustrative tale.