Shloka 48
अध्याय ३: कृपस्य दुर्योधनं प्रति नीत्युपदेशः
Kṛpa’s Counsel to Duryodhana
Devanagari script
तब वे पाण्डवयोद्धा अत्यन्त कुपित हो गर्जना करनेवाले दुर्योधनको बारंबार फटकारते और क्रोधपूर्वक नाना प्रकारके अस्त्र-शस्त्रोंकी वर्षा करते हुए एक साथ ही उसपर टूट पड़े ॥। दुर्योधनो5प्यसम्भ्रान्तस्तानरीन् व्यधमच्छरै: । तत्राद्भुतमपश्याम तव पुत्रस्य पौरुषम्
Translation
Then the Pāṇḍava warriors, inflamed with fury and roaring aloud, rebuked Duryodhana again and again; and, in wrath, showering him with weapons of every kind, they all fell upon him at once. Yet Duryodhana, unshaken, struck down those foes with his arrows. There we beheld a wonder—the prowess of your son.
Word by Word
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
असम्भ्रान्तःunperturbed, not confused
असम्भ्रान्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअसम्भ्रान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तान्those (them)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अरीन्enemies
अरीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअरि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
व्यधमत्he struck/assailed (lit. smote, drove)
व्यधमत्:
TypeVerb
Rootव्यधम् (ध्मा धातु, वि-उपसर्ग)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
शरैःwith arrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
अद्भुतम्wonderful, marvelous (thing)
अद्भुतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअद्भुत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अपश्यामwe saw
अपश्याम:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 1st, Plural
तवyour
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
पुत्रस्यof (your) son
पुत्रस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पौरुषम्manliness, valor
पौरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपौरुष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes