Shloka 49

भीमसेनस्य कौरवसुतवधः तथा श्रुतर्वावधः

Slaying of Kaurava princes and the fall of Śrutarvā

Devanagari script

ततस्तेषु प्रयातेषु धृष्टद्युम्नपुरस्कृता: । आययु: पाण्डवा राजन्‌ विनिध्नन्त: सम तावकम्‌

Transliteration

tatasteṣu prayāteṣu dhṛṣṭadyumnapuraskṛtāḥ | āyayuḥ pāṇḍavā rājan vidhinantaḥ sma tāvakam ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: When those warriors had moved off, the Pāṇḍavas—led in the van by Dhṛṣṭadyumna—advanced, O King, striking down your forces. The verse underscores the battle’s relentless momentum: a leader at the front kindles coordinated action, while war’s moral tension remains implicit as victory is pursued through necessary violence within the accepted code of the field.

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereupon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/then')

• तेषु: among them / when they
• तेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• प्रयातेषु: having departed / gone forth
• प्रयातेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-या
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Locative, Plural (agreeing with तेषु)

• धृष्टद्युम्न: Dhrishtadyumna
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Stem form (in compound)

• पुरस्कृताः: having (him) in front / led by
• पुरस्कृताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरस्-कृ
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• आययुः: came/advanced
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-या
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Plural, Parasmaipada

• पाण्डवाः: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• विनिध्नन्तः: striking down / slaying
• विनिध्नन्तः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-हन्
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सम: completely / altogether
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम
• Form: Avyaya (preverb/adverbial intensifier)

• तावकम्: your (forces) / your side
• तावकम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तावक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular (collective: 'your side/army')

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Pāṇḍavas
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as rājan)
• Kaurava army (tāvakam)