Shloka 50

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

Devanagari script

ततो<5भवत्तमो घोर सैन्येन रजसा वृते । तानपाक्रमतोडद्राक्ष॑ं तस्माद्‌ देशादरिंदम,शत्रुदमन नरेश! तत्पश्चात्‌ जब सेनाद्वारा उठी हुई धूलसे सब ओर घोर अन्धकार छा गया, उस समय हमने देखा कि बहुत-से योद्धा वहाँसे भागे जा रहे हैं

Transliteration

tato 'bhavat tamo ghoraṃ sainyena rajasā vṛte | tān apākrāmato 'drākṣaṃ tasmād deśād ariṃdama śatrudamana nareśa |

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then a dreadful darkness arose, as the army was enveloped in dust. O king, crusher of foes and subduer of enemies, we saw many warriors fleeing away from that place.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• अभवत्: became, arose
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Lung (Aorist), 3, singular, Parasmaipada

• तमः: darkness
• तमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस्
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• घोरम्: terrible, dreadful
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घोर
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• सैन्येन: by/with the army
• सैन्येन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: neuter, instrumental, singular

• रजसा: by/with dust
• रजसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस्
• Form: neuter, instrumental, singular

• वृते: covered, enveloped
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृत
• Form: past passive participle (क्त), neuter, nominative, singular

• तान्: them
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine, accusative, plural

• अपाक्रमतः: retreating, running away
• Type: Verb
• Root: अप + क्रम
• Form: present active participle (शतृ), masculine, accusative, plural

• अद्राक्षम्: I saw
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Lung (Aorist), 1, singular, Parasmaipada

• तस्मात्: from that
• तस्मात्: Apadana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine/neuter, ablative, singular

• देशात्: from the place/region
• देशात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: देश
• Form: masculine, ablative, singular

• अरिंदम: O subduer of foes
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरिंदम
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

• शत्रुदमन: O tamer of enemies
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रुदमन
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

• नरेश: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरेश
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by royal epithets: nareśa, ariṃdama, śatrudamana)
• army (sainya)
• dust (rajas)
• warriors (implied by tān, apākrāmataḥ)