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Shloka 303

Adhyāya 21 — Duryodhanasya bāṇavarṣaḥ

Duryodhana’s Arrow-Storm and the Dust-Obscured Engagements

दुर्योधनबलं सर्व पुनरासीत्‌ पराड्मुखम्‌ । राजन! जब सात्यकि युद्धके लिये डटे रहे और कृतवर्मा रथहीन होकर भाग गया, तब दुर्योधनकी सारी सेना पुनः युद्धसे विमुख हो वहाँसे पलायन करने लगी

sañjaya uvāca | duryodhana-balaṃ sarvaṃ punar āsīt parāṅmukham | rājan, yadā sātyaki yuddhāya daḍhe tiṣṭhan kṛtavarmā ca rathahīnaḥ palāyitaḥ, tadā duryodhanasya sarvā senā punar yuddhāt vimukhī bhūtvā tataḥ palāyituṃ pravavṛte |

Sañjaya said: O King, when Sātyaki stood firm, resolved to fight, and Kṛtavarmā—bereft of his chariot—fled, then all of Duryodhana’s forces once again turned away from battle and began to retreat from that place. The scene underscores how courage and steadfastness can steady one side, while fear and loss of support can unravel an army’s resolve.

दुर्योधनof Duryodhana
दुर्योधन:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
बलम्army/force
बलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वम्entire, all
सर्वम्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
आसीत्was/became
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पराङ्मुखम्turned away; facing away (from battle)
पराङ्मुखम्:
Predicative
TypeAdjective
Rootपराङ्मुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhritarashtra
D
Duryodhana
S
Satyaki
K
Kritavarma
D
Duryodhana’s army

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how steadfast courage (as shown by Sātyaki) can influence the course of conflict, while panic and loss of support (Kṛtavarmā fleeing without his chariot) can rapidly erode collective morale. Ethically, it reflects the kṣatriya ideal of standing one’s ground in battle and the consequences when that resolve fails.

Sanjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Sātyaki remains firmly engaged in battle, whereas Kṛtavarmā, having lost his chariot, runs away. Seeing this, Duryodhana’s forces again turn away from fighting and begin to retreat from the battlefield.