Shloka 3
Adhyāya 21 — Duryodhanasya bāṇavarṣaḥ
Duryodhana’s Arrow-Storm and the Dust-Obscured Engagements
Devanagari script
सनिवृत्तास्तु ते शूरा दृष्टवा सात्वतमाहवे । शैलोपमं स्थिरं राजन् कीर्यमाणं शरैर्युधि,राजन! कृतवर्माको युद्धस्थलमें डटा हुआ देख वे भागे हुए शूरमा भी लौट आये। युद्धस्थलमें बाणोंकी वर्षसि आच्छादित होनेपर भी वह सात्वतवंशी वीर पर्वतके समान अविचलभावसे खड़ा था
Translation
O King, seeing Kṛtavarmā of the Sātvata line standing fast upon the battlefield, even the warriors who had fled turned back again. Though showered with arrows in the fight, he stood unshaken, like a mountain.
Word by Word
सनिवृत्ताःreturned (back)
सनिवृत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस-निवृत्त (नि+वृत्, क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
तेthose
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शूराःheroes/warriors
शूराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
सात्वतम्the Sātvata (warrior)
सात्वतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसात्वत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहवेin battle
आहवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआहव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शैलोपमम्mountain-like
शैलोपमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशैल-उपम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्थिरम्firm/steady
स्थिरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्थिर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कीर्यमाणम्being covered/strewn (over)
कीर्यमाणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकॄ (कीर्यते) + यमाण (शानच्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, Passive, शानच् (present passive participle)
शरैःwith arrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
युधिin the fight
युधि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुध् (युधि as noun-form)
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes