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Shloka 17

Kṛtavarmā–Sātyaki Chariot Duel and Kaurava Morale Shock (कृतवर्म-सात्यकि-द्वैरथम्)

दृष्टवा55पतन्तं सहसा तु नागं धृष्टद्युम्न: स्वरथाच्छीघ्रमेव । गदां प्रगृह्मोग्रजवेन वीरो भूमिं प्रपन्नो भयविह्वलाड्र:,हाथीको सहसा आक्रमण करते देख वीर धृष्टद्युम्न हाथमें गदा ले शीघ्र ही अत्यन्त वेगपूर्वक अपने रथसे कूदकर पृथ्वीपर आ गये। उस समय उनके सारे अंग भयसे व्याकुल हो रहे थे

dṛṣṭvā patantaṃ sahasā tu nāgaṃ dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ svarathāc chīghram eva | gadāṃ pragṛhya ugrajavena vīro bhūmiṃ prapanno bhayavihvalāṅgaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: Seeing the elephant suddenly charging in, the warrior Dhṛṣṭadyumna swiftly leapt down from his chariot. Grasping his mace, he came to the ground with fierce speed—his limbs trembling in fear as the onrushing beast bore down.

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपद-भावार्थ (indeclinable)
पतन्तम्falling / rushing down
पतन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
सहसाsuddenly
सहसा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
नागम्elephant
नागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धृष्टद्युम्नःDhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वरथात्from his own chariot
स्वरथात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्व-रथ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
शीघ्रम्quickly
शीघ्रम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशीघ्र
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
गदाम्mace
गदाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगदा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रगृह्यhaving seized
प्रगृह्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), प्र
उग्रजवेनwith fierce speed
उग्रजवेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र-जव
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
वीरःthe hero
वीरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूमिम्to the ground/earth
भूमिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रपन्नःhaving descended / having come down
प्रपन्नः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√पद्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
भयविह्वलाङ्गःwhose limbs were agitated by fear
भयविह्वलाङ्गः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभय-विह्वल-अङ्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
N
nāga (elephant)
R
ratha (chariot)
G
gadā (mace)
B
bhūmi (ground)

Educational Q&A

Even a renowned warrior experiences fear; the ethical emphasis is not on being fearless, but on responding with presence of mind and readiness to act. Dhṛṣṭadyumna’s quick descent and taking up the mace shows disciplined action amid danger—an aspect of kṣatriya duty in war.

Sañjaya reports that Dhṛṣṭadyumna sees an elephant suddenly charging. He immediately jumps down from his chariot, grips his mace, and takes position on the ground, though his body is shaken by fear.