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Shloka 28

शल्यवधे कौरवसेनाभङ्गः, भीमस्य गदायुद्धं, दुर्योधनस्य समाह्वानम्

Rout after Śalya’s fall; Bhīma’s mace engagement; Duryodhana’s rally

ते मुहूर्ताद रणे वीरा हस्ताहस्ति विशाम्पते

te muhūrtād raṇe vīrā hastāhasti viśāmpate

Sañjaya said: From that very moment, O lord of the people, the heroes on the battlefield closed in upon one another and grappled hand to hand—an image of war’s grim immediacy, where valor is tested not by distance or device but by direct encounter.

तेthey/those
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मुहूर्तात्after a moment; from a short time
मुहूर्तात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमुहूर्त
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वीराःheroes/warriors
वीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हस्ताहस्तिhand-to-hand; at close quarters
हस्ताहस्ति:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहस्त + हस्तिन्
Formtrue
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people
विशाम्पते:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम् + पति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
V
viśāmpati (the king addressed, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
V
vīrāḥ (the warriors/heroes)
R
raṇa (battlefield)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the immediacy and severity of righteous warfare as experienced by kṣatriyas: when conflict reaches hand-to-hand range, courage, restraint, and responsibility are tested most directly, underscoring the ethical weight of violence and the consequences of choices that lead to such confrontation.

Sañjaya reports to the king that the warriors, without delay, engaged in close-quarters fighting on the battlefield, indicating an escalation into direct hand-to-hand combat.