Shloka 2
Yudhiṣṭhira’s Lament and Kṛṣṇa’s Rudra-Cosmogony Explanation (सौप्तिक पर्व, अध्याय १७)
Devanagari script
कथं नु कृष्ण पापेन क्षुद्रेणाकृतकर्मणा । द्रौणिना निहता: सर्वे मम पुत्रा महारथा:,“श्रीकृष्ण! नीच एवं पापात्मा द्रोणकुमारने कोई विशेष तप या पुण्यकर्म भी तो नहीं किया था, जिससे उसमें अलौकिक शक्ति आ जाती। फिर उसने मेरे सभी महारथी पुत्रोंका वध कैसे कर डाला?
Translation
“How, O Kṛṣṇa, did the sinful, petty Drauṇi—who has performed no worthy deed—slay all my sons, those great chariot-warriors?”
Word by Word
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
नुindeed/then (emphatic particle)
नु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु
कृष्णO Krishna
कृष्ण:
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पापेनby/with sin; by a sinful (one)
पापेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
क्षुद्रेणby a vile/mean (person)
क्षुद्रेण:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुद्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अकृतकर्मणाby one who has not performed (meritorious) deeds
अकृतकर्मणा:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअकृतकर्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
द्रौणिनाby Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman, son of Droṇa)
द्रौणिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौणि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
निहताःslain/killed
निहताः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-हन्
FormPast passive participle (kta), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ममof me/my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
पुत्राःsons
पुत्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes