Shloka 2
अध्याय ६४ — सभामध्ये क्रोध-निवारणम्
Restraint of wrath in the royal assembly
स विज्ञेय: पुरुषो<न्यत्रकामो निन्दाप्रशंसे हि तथा युनक्ति | जिह्दा कथं ते हृदयं व्यनक्ति यो न ज्यायस: कृथा मनस: प्रातिकूल्यम्,जो दूसरोंको चाहनेवाला है, वह मनुष्य पहचानमें आ जाता है; क्योंकि वह जिसके प्रति द्वेष होता है, उसकी निन््दा और जिसके प्रति राग होता है, उसकी प्रशंसामें संलग्न रहता है। तुम्हारा हृदय हमारे प्रति किस प्रकार द्वेषसे परिपूर्ण है, यह बात तुम्हारी जिह्ना प्रकट कर देती है। तुम अपनेसे श्रेष्ठ पुरुषोंके प्रति इस प्रकार हृदयका द्वेष न प्रकट करो
sa vijñeyaḥ puruṣo ’nyatrakāmo nindāpraśaṃse hi tathā yunakti | jihvā kathaṃ te hṛdayaṃ vyanakti yo na jyāyasaḥ kṛthā manasaḥ prātikūlyam ||
“A man who longs for others (and is not steady in loyalty) is easy to recognize: he busies himself in blaming those he dislikes and praising those he is attached to. How your heart is filled with hostility toward us is revealed by your very tongue. Do not, in this way, display the mind’s antagonism toward those who are your superiors.”
दुर्योधन उवाच
Educational Q&A
Speech exposes inner bias: a person’s attachments and aversions become visible through habitual praise of favorites and blame of opponents. The verse warns against letting hostility toward elders/superiors show itself through words.
In the royal assembly context of the Sabha Parva, Duryodhana addresses another speaker and accuses him of harboring animosity toward the Kauravas, arguing that the person’s tongue (speech) betrays the heart’s hostility and urging restraint toward superiors.