Shloka 9
Adhyāya 59: Vidura’s Admonition to Duryodhana after the Summons of Draupadī (सभा पर्व)
कुन्तीनन्दन! यदि पासा विपरीत पड़ जाय तो हम खिलाड़ियोंमेंसे एक पक्षको पराजित कर सकता है; अतः जय-पराजय दैवाधीन पासोंके ही आश्रित है। उसीसे पराजयरूप दोषकी प्राप्ति होती है। हारनेकी शंका तो हमें भी है, फिर भी हम खेलते हैं। अतः भूमिपाल! आप शंका न कीजिये, दाँव लगाइये, अब विलम्ब न कीजिये ।। युधिषछिर उवाच एवमाहायमसितो देवलो मुनिसत्तम: । इमानि लोकद्दाराणि यो वै भ्राम्यति सर्वदा,युधिष्ठिरने कहा--मुनिश्रेष्ठ असित-देवलने, जो सदा इन लोदद्दारोंमें भ्रमण करते रहते हैं, ऐसा कहा है कि जुआरियोंके साथ शठतापूर्वक जो जूआ खेला जाता है, पाप है। धर्मानुकूल विजय तो युद्धमें ही प्राप्त होती है; अतः क्षत्रियोंके लिये युद्ध ही उत्तम है, जूआ खेलना नहीं
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | kuntīnandana! yadi pāśā viparītaṁ paḍa jāya to vayaṁ krīḍakānāṁ madhye ekaṁ pakṣaṁ parājitaṁ kartuṁ śaknoti; ataḥ jaya-parājayau daivādhīnau pāśānām eva āśritau staḥ | tasmād eva parājaya-rūpa-doṣaḥ prāpyate | hārasya śaṅkā tu asmākam api asti, tathāpi vayaṁ krīḍāmaḥ | ataḥ bhūmipāla! tvaṁ śaṅkāṁ mā kṛthāḥ, dāvaṁ nidhatsva, adhunā vilambaṁ mā kṛthāḥ || evam āha ayam asito devalo munisattamaḥ | imāni lokadvārāṇi yo vai bhrāmyati sarvadā ...
Yudhiṣṭhira said: “O son of Kuntī, if the dice fall contrary, they can defeat one side among the players; therefore victory and defeat depend on fate and rest upon the dice themselves. From that arises the fault that takes the form of defeat. We too have apprehension of losing, yet we still play. Therefore, O protector of the earth, do not doubt—stake the wager; do not delay now.” He further recalled the saying of the sage Asita Devala, a foremost seer who ever wanders through the ‘gateways of the worlds’: that gambling played with deceit among gamblers is sinful, and that a victory consistent with dharma is won in battle; for kṣatriyas, therefore, war is the higher course, not gambling.
युधिषछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The passage contrasts chance-based gambling with dharma-based action: dice make victory and defeat hinge on fate and can lead to moral fault, while a kṣatriya’s righteous victory is properly sought in battle rather than through deceitful or chance-driven play.
In the context of the dice match, Yudhiṣṭhira urges the other party to proceed with the wager despite the risk of loss, then invokes the authority of the sage Asita Devala to frame gambling—especially when mixed with deceit—as sinful and inferior to the kṣatriya path of warfare.