Shloka 61

वित्रस्ताश्ना भवन्‌ सर्वे कौरवा राजसत्तम | शड्खशब्देन तेनाथ माधवस्यार्जुनस्य च,नृपश्रेष्ठ! श्रीकृष्ण और अर्जुनकी उस शंखध्वनिसे समस्त कौरव संत्रस्त हो उठे

vitrastāś ca bhavan sarve kauravā rājasattama | śaṅkhaśabdena tenātha mādhavasyārjunasya ca ||

Śalya said: “O best of kings, all the Kauravas were thrown into alarm by that blaring conch-sound—raised by Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa) and by Arjuna. The very signal of their resolve and unity shook the opposing host, revealing how fear can spread when confronted by steadfast purpose in war.”

वित्रस्ताःterrified
वित्रस्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवित्रस्त (वि+त्रस्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आसन्were
आसन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3rd, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कौरवाःthe Kauravas
कौरवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकौरव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजसत्तमO best of kings
राजसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootराजसत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शङ्खशब्देनby the sound of the conch
शङ्खशब्देन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशङ्खशब्द
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तेनby that
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
अथthen/indeed
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
माधवस्यof Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa)
माधवस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootमाधव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अर्जुनस्यof Arjuna
अर्जुनस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नृपश्रेष्ठO best of kings
नृपश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootनृपश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

शल्य उवाच

Ś
Śalya
K
Kauravas
M
Mādhava (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
A
Arjuna
Ś
Śaṅkha (conch)

Educational Q&A

In a dharmic conflict, inner steadiness and united resolve can influence the battlefield even before weapons clash; fear often arises in those who sense the opponent’s clarity, confidence, and righteous momentum.

Śalya reports that the Kaurava forces became frightened upon hearing the powerful conch-blast sounded by Kṛṣṇa (Mādhava) and Arjuna—an audible proclamation of the Pāṇḍava side’s readiness and determination.