Shloka 19

Devanagari script

तच्छुत्वा कुरुराजस्य शूरार्यसदृशं वचः । सूतो हेमपरिच्छन्नान्‌ शनैरश्वानचोदयत्‌,कुरुराज दुर्योधनकी वह श्रेष्ठ शूरवीरोंके योग्य बात सुनकर सारथिने सोनेके साज- बाजसे सजे हुए घोड़ोंको धीरे-धीरे आगे बढ़ाया

Transliteration

tac chrutvā kururājasya śūrāryasadṛśaṃ vacaḥ | sūto hemaparicchannān śanair aśvān acodayat ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Hearing the Kuru king’s words—befitting noble heroes—the charioteer gently urged forward the horses, adorned with golden trappings.

Word by Word

• तत्: that (speech/statement)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• कुरुराजस्य: of the king of the Kurus (Duryodhana)
• कुरुराजस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरुराज
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• शूर: heroic
• शूर: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शूर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आर्य: noble
• आर्य: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आर्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सदृशम्: befitting / similar to
• सदृशम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सदृश
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• वचः: speech, words
• वचः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• सूतः: the charioteer
• सूतः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हेम: with gold / by gold
• हेम: Karana
• Type: Noun (used adjectivally)
• Root: हेम
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• परिच्छन्नान्: adorned, covered, equipped
• परिच्छन्नान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-छद् (धातु) / परिच्छन्न (ppp)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• शनैः: slowly, gently
• शनैः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: शनैः

• अश्वान्: horses
• अश्वान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अचोदयत्: urged on, drove (forward)
• अचोदयत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: चुद् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (imperfect), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular, Past

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Kuru king (Duryodhana)
• charioteer (sūta)
• horses (aśvāḥ)
• golden trappings (hema-paricchada)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in warfare, conduct should remain ārya (noble) and controlled: the charioteer advances śanaiḥ (gently), reflecting disciplined action rather than impulsive aggression.

What is happening in the narrative?

After hearing the Kuru king’s heroic words, the charioteer slowly urges forward the horses decorated with golden harness, indicating the chariot’s measured advance in response to the king’s command.