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Shloka 8

तदायस्तमनुष्याश्वमुदीर्णवरवारणम्‌ । पुत्राणां ते महासैन्यं समरौत्सीद्‌ धनंजयम्‌

tadāyastamanuṣyāśvam udīrṇavaravāraṇam | putrāṇāṁ te mahāsainyaṁ samarautsīd dhanaṁjayam ||

Sañjaya said: Then, O King, though its men and horses were exhausted and its finest elephants thrown into turmoil, that vast army of your sons, in the press of battle, closed in upon Dhanañjaya (Arjuna).

तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
Formindeclinable (temporal adverb)
आयस्तम्made of iron / iron-clad
आयस्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआयस्त
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
मनुष्याश्वम्a man-horse (horse with a rider; cavalryman)
मनुष्याश्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्याश्व
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
उदीर्णवरवारणम्with excellent elephants roused/charging
उदीर्णवरवारणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउदीर्णवरवारण
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
पुत्राणाम्of the sons
पुत्राणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
तेof you/your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formgenitive, singular
महा-सैन्यम्the great army
महा-सैन्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहा + सैन्य
Formneuter, nominative, singular
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
Formmasculine, locative, singular
उत्सीत्attacked / assailed
उत्सीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउत्सि (उद् + सि)
Formaorist (luṅ), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
धनंजयम्Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun (proper name)
Rootधनंजय
Formmasculine, accusative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'te')
D
Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
K
Kaurava army (sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
H
horses
E
elephants

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the relentless momentum of war: even an exhausted force can surge forward through massed effort. Ethically, it points to how collective determination, when yoked to adharma-driven rivalry, intensifies suffering rather than restoring order.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava host—despite fatigue among men and horses and turmoil among their best elephants—nevertheless pressed in and attacked Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) in the thick of battle.