Shloka 22

Devanagari script

एष ध्वजाग्रे पार्थस्य प्रेक्षमाण: समन्ततः । दृश्यते वानरो भीमो वीराणां भयवर्धन:,“कुन्तीकुमार अर्जुनकी ध्वजाके अग्रभागमें एक भयंकर वानर दिखायी देता है, जो सब ओर देखता हुआ कौरववीरोंका भय बढ़ा रहा है

Transliteration

eṣa dhvajāgre pārthasya prekṣamāṇaḥ samantataḥ | dṛśyate vānaro bhīmo vīrāṇāṃ bhayavardhanaḥ ||

Translation

Behold—upon the very front of Pārtha’s banner there is seen a formidable monkey, scanning all directions. He heightens the fear of the Kaurava warriors.

Word by Word

एषःthis (one)

ध्वजाग्रेon the top/front of the banner

पार्थस्यof Partha (Arjuna)

प्रेक्षमाणःlooking, observing

समन्ततःon all sides, all around

दृश्यतेis seen, appears

वानरःmonkey

भीमःterrible, formidable

वीराणाम्of the warriors

भयवर्धनःfear-increasing

Speaker

अजुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

Arjuna (Pārtha)

Kuntī (implied by ‘Pārtha’/‘Kuntīkumāra’ in the Hindi gloss)

Arjuna’s banner (dhvaja)

Hanumān (implied by ‘vānara’ on the banner)

Kaurava warriors (implied as the ‘vīrāḥ’ whose fear is increased)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Cross References

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how righteous strength is supported by auspicious signs and divine allies: the presence of Hanumān on Arjuna’s banner symbolizes protection, courage, and the moral confidence that unsettles opponents in an unrighteous cause.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the midst of battle, Arjuna draws attention to the terrifying monkey visible on the front of his banner—understood as Hanumān—who looks in all directions and intensifies the fear of the Kaurava fighters, functioning as an auspicious emblem and a psychological deterrent.