Shloka 95

Devanagari script

अद्य हाहाकृता दीना विषण्णास्त्वच्छसर्दिता:

Transliteration

adya hāhākṛtā dīnā viṣaṇṇās tvacchasarditāḥ

Translation

Sañjaya said: “Today they are reduced to cries of ‘Alas!’, wretched and utterly dejected—driven into panic and scattered by your onslaught.”

Word by Word

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य

• हाहाकृता: made to cry ‘hā hā’; lamenting
• हाहाकृता: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हाहाकृत
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• दीना: wretched, miserable
• दीना: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• विषण्णाः: dejected, despondent
• विषण्णाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विषण्ण
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• त्वत्: from you
• त्वत्: Apadana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (त्वद्)
• Form: —, Ablative, Singular

• सर्दिताः: driven away/harassed (lit. ‘made to flee’)
• सर्दिताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्दित
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied as listener)
• the opposing warriors/army (implied)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the immediate human cost of war: fear, lamentation, and collapse of morale. It implicitly warns that martial success is measured not only by tactical gain but also by the suffering it produces, sharpening the ethical tension within kṣatriya-duty.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the enemy side has been thrown into distress—wailing, despondent, and driven about—due to the force of ‘your’ side’s attack (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra as the king of the Kauravas).