Shloka 20

Devanagari script

मन्यमानो हतं कर्ण धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिर: । हर्षगद्गदया वाचा प्रीत: प्राह परंतप:,शत्रुओंको संताप देनेवाले धर्मराज युधिष्ठिरने कर्णको मारा गया मानकर हर्षगद्गद वाणीसे प्रसन्नतापूर्वक वार्तालाप आरम्भ किया

Transliteration

manyamāno hataṁ karṇaṁ dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ | harṣagaddagayā vācā prītaḥ prāha parantapaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Believing Karṇa to have been slain, Dharmarāja Yudhiṣṭhira—delighting in that news—began to speak, his voice choked with joy.

Word by Word

• मन्यमानः: thinking/considering
• मन्यमानः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन् (धातु) → मन्यमान (शतृ-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Atmanepada (middle), Present (vartamana), Shatr (present active participle in middle usage)

• हतम्: slain
• हतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हन् (धातु) → हत (क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कर्णम्: Karna
• कर्णम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्ण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• धर्मराजः: the king of dharma (Dharmaraja)
• धर्मराजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मराज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• युधिष्ठिरः: Yudhishthira
• युधिष्ठिरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हर्षगद्गदया: with a joy-choked (trembling) [voice]
• हर्षगद्गदया: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हर्षगद्गद (हर्ष + गद्गद)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• वाचा: with speech/voice
• वाचा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच्
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• प्रीतः: pleased
• प्रीतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्री (धातु) → प्रीत (क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्राह: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + अह् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• परंतपः: scorcher of foes (epithet)
• परंतपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: परंतप (परम् + तप)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Karṇa
• Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmarāja, Parantapa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical tension of dharma in wartime: even a righteous ruler can be overtaken by intense emotion—relief and joy—when a formidable enemy is believed defeated, showing how human feeling persists within the demands of duty and conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Yudhiṣṭhira, thinking Karṇa has been killed, becomes pleased and begins speaking with a voice trembling from joy—marking a shift in morale and setting up the ensuing dialogue and reactions on the battlefield.