Shloka 40

ततो दुर्योधन: कर्णमब्रवीत्‌ प्रणयादिव । पश्य कर्ण महासेना पज्चालैरदिता भूशम्‌,उस समय दुर्योधनने कर्णसे प्रेमपूर्वक कहा--“कर्ण! देखो, पांचालोंने मेरी इस विशाल सेनाको अत्यन्त पीड़ित कर दिया है

tato duryodhanaḥ karṇam abravīt praṇayād iva | paśya karṇa mahāsenā pāñcālair arditā bhṛśam ||

Sanjaya said: Then Duryodhana spoke to Karna, as if with affectionate familiarity: “Look, Karna—this vast army has been grievously harried by the Panchalas.”

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्णम्Karna (as object)
कर्णम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रणयात्out of affection
प्रणयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रणय
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
पश्यsee, behold
पश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
FormImperative (Lot), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कर्णO Karna
कर्ण:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
महासेनाthe great army
महासेना:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहासेना
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पाञ्चालैःby the Panchalas
पाञ्चालैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपाञ्चाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अर्दिताafflicted, tormented
अर्दिता:
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्दित
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
भृशम्exceedingly, greatly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana
K
Karṇa
P
Pāñcālas
K
Kaurava army (mahāsenā)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a wartime ethical tension: rulers depend on personal bonds and loyal allies, yet must face the real human cost of conflict. Duryodhana’s affectionate appeal underscores how attachment and reliance shape decisions amid suffering on the battlefield.

Sañjaya reports that Duryodhana turns to Karṇa and points out that the Pāñcālas are severely pressing and injuring the Kaurava forces, implicitly urging Karṇa’s intervention and leadership in the fight.