Shloka 39

कर्णवधार्थं धनञ्जयस्य प्रतिज्ञा — Arjuna’s resolve for Karṇa’s defeat

Devanagari script

ततो बाणसहस्राणि समुत्पन्नानि मारिष

Transliteration

tato bāṇasahasrāṇi samutpannāni māriṣa

Translation

Sañjaya said: “Then, O venerable one, thousands of arrows suddenly arose—an overwhelming storm of missiles in the midst of battle.”

Word by Word

• ततः: then; thereafter; from there
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (स्थान/काल/अनन्तर्ये)

• बाणसहस्राणि: thousands of arrows
• बाणसहस्राणि: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाणसहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• समुत्पन्नानि: arose; came forth; were produced
• समुत्पन्नानि: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-उत्-√पद् (उत्पद्यते) → समुत्पन्न (क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; भूतकर्मणि/भूतभावे)

• मारिष: O noble one; O sir
• Type: Noun
• Root: मारिष (सम्बोधन-शब्द)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• arrows (bāṇāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the overwhelming, impersonal force of warfare: once violence is unleashed, it multiplies beyond individual control, reminding the listener of the grave ethical weight carried by those who choose battle.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to the listener (addressed respectfully as māriṣa) that, at that moment in the fight, a vast multitude of arrows arose—indicating an intense exchange of missiles and escalation of combat.