Shloka 17

Devanagari script

ततः क्रुद्धों रणे पार्थ: संवृतस्तैर्महारथै:

Transliteration

tataḥ kruddho raṇe pārthaḥ saṃvṛtas tair mahārathaiḥ

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then, in the midst of battle, Pārtha (Arjuna), angered, found himself hemmed in on all sides by those great chariot-warriors—an image of the righteous fighter pressed by formidable force, where resolve and restraint are tested amid the violence of war.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (indeclinable)

• क्रुद्धः: angered
• क्रुद्धः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध (√क्रुध्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• पार्थः: Partha (Arjuna)
• पार्थः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• संवृतः: surrounded, enclosed
• संवृतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संवृत (सम् + √वृ)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तैः: by them
• तैः: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• महारथैः: by great chariot-warriors
• महारथैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pārtha (Arjuna)
• mahārathas (great chariot-warriors)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights a recurring ethical tension in the Mahābhārata: even a dharmic warrior may feel anger when pressed by overwhelming force, yet the situation calls for steadfastness and disciplined action rather than uncontrolled wrath.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Arjuna, in the thick of combat, becomes enraged and is surrounded by multiple elite chariot-warriors, setting up an intense confrontation where he must break through their encirclement.