Shloka 12

Devanagari script

परिवद्रुस्तत: सर्वे पाण्डवस्य महारथम्‌

Transliteration

parivadruḥ tataḥ sarve pāṇḍavasya mahāratham

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then all of them moved about restlessly, circling around the Pāṇḍava’s great chariot-warrior—an image of the battlefield’s tense momentum, where collective pressure and strategic motion converge upon a single formidable champion.

Word by Word

• परिवद्रुः: spoke about / reviled / criticized
• परिवद्रुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-√वद्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• ततः: then; thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पाण्डवस्य: of the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna / son of Pāṇḍu)
• पाण्डवस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• महारथम्: the great chariot-warrior
• महारथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pāṇḍava (collective reference)
• mahāratha (great chariot-warrior)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how, in war, coordinated movement and collective pressure are directed toward a single pivotal warrior; ethically, it underscores the kṣatriya arena where prowess, resolve, and tactical unity shape outcomes, even as the chaos of conflict intensifies.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that all the opposing fighters began moving around and closing in upon the Pāṇḍava’s foremost chariot-warrior, suggesting an encirclement or concentrated engagement against a key champion.