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Shloka 39

अस्त्रयुद्धे द्रौणिपार्थसंघर्षः — Karṇa’s Bhārgavāstra and the Search for Yudhiṣṭhira

Chapter 45

ब्रह्मेशानेन्द्रवरुणान्‌ क्रमशो यो5वहत्‌ पुरा । तमाद्यं रथमास्थाय प्रयातौ केशवार्जुनौ

brahmeśānendrvaruṇān kramaśo yo 'vahat purā | tam ādyaṁ ratham āsthāya prayātau keśavārjunau ||

Sañjaya said: “That foremost chariot which in former times had successively borne Brahmā, Īśāna (Śiva), Indra, and Varuṇa—mounting that prime car today, Keśava and Arjuna set forth.”

ब्रह्मBrahmā
ब्रह्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ईशानĪśāna (Śiva)
ईशान:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootईशान
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इन्द्रIndra
इन्द्र:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वरुणान्Varuṇas / Varuṇa (as object; text has plural form)
वरुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवरुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
क्रमशःin order, successively
क्रमशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्रमशः
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अवहत्carried, bore
अवहत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवह्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पुराformerly, in olden times
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
तम्that (him/it)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आद्यम्primeval, original, first
आद्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootआद्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आस्थायhaving mounted, having taken position on
आस्थाय:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), आ, Parasmaipada (usage)
प्रयातौhaving set out, departed
प्रयातौ:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-या
FormPast passive participle (kta), Masculine, Nominative, Dual
केशवKeśava (Kṛṣṇa)
केशव:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
अर्जुनौArjuna
अर्जुनौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Brahmā
Ī
Īśāna (Śiva)
I
Indra
V
Varuṇa
K
Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
A
Arjuna
P
prime chariot (ratha)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna’s action as aligned with a larger cosmic order: the chariot once borne by major deities symbolizes legitimacy, protection, and the weight of dharma behind their undertaking. It suggests that righteous effort is strengthened when grounded in sacred precedent and right purpose.

Sañjaya describes Kṛṣṇa (as charioteer) and Arjuna mounting a renowned, ‘foremost’ chariot—celebrated for having carried Brahmā, Śiva, Indra, and Varuṇa in ancient times—and then departing for battle, emphasizing the grandeur and auspicious authority of their war-preparation.