Shloka 17

रथी नागं समासाद्य दारयन्‌ निशितै: शरै: । प्रेषयामास कालाय शरै: संनतपर्वभि:,रथी हाथीका सामना करके झुकी हुई गाँठवाले तीखे बाणोंद्वारा उसे विदीर्ण करते हुए कालके गालमें भेजने लगे

rathī nāgaṃ samāsādya dārayan niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ | preṣayāmāsa kālāya śaraiḥ saṃnataparvabhiḥ ||

Sañjaya said: The chariot-warrior closed in upon the elephant and, rending it with razor-sharp arrows—arrows whose joints were bent—kept sending it into the very jaws of Death.

रथीthe charioteer/warrior in a chariot
रथी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नागम्the elephant
नागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समासाद्यhaving approached/encountered
समासाद्य:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
दारयन्tearing/piercing
दारयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√दॄ (दारयति)
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
निशितैःwith sharp
निशितैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिशित
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
शरैःarrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
प्रेषयामासsent/consigned
प्रेषयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√इष् (प्रेषयति)
Formलिट् (periphrastic perfect), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कालायto Death/Time (as a deity)
कालाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
शरैःwith arrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
संनतपर्वभिःhaving bent/curved joints (i.e., barbed/knotted)
संनतपर्वभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसंनतपर्वन्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
R
rathī (chariot-warrior)
N
nāga (elephant)
K
Kāla (Death/Time)
Ś
śara (arrows)
R
ratha (chariot, implied)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the stark reality of war: prowess and resolve can swiftly turn into an instrument of Kāla (death/time). Ethically, it invites reflection on how violence, even when performed as kṣatriya-duty, carries an inescapable gravity—life is ‘sent to Death’ by human action within the larger current of fate.

Sañjaya describes a chariot-warrior advancing on an elephant and piercing it with very sharp arrows, described as having bent joints (saṃnata-parva). The elephant is being mortally wounded—figuratively ‘dispatched to Kāla,’ i.e., killed in battle.