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Shloka 13

द्रोणपर्व — द्विनवति-तमोऽध्यायः

Sātyaki Pressed by Kauravas; Duryodhana and Kṛtavarmā Engagements

काष्ठातीत इवादित्य: प्रतपन्‌ स युगक्षये । ददृशे दिक्षु सर्वासु पार्थ: परपुरंजय:,जैसे प्रलयकालमें सूर्यदेव सीमाका उल्लंघन करके तपने लगते हैं, उसी प्रकार शत्रुओंकी राजधानीपर विजय पानेवाले अर्जुन सम्पूर्ण दिशाओंमें असीम पराक्रम करते हुए दिखायी देने लगे

sañjaya uvāca | kāṣṭhātīta ivādityaḥ pratapan sa yugakṣaye | dadṛśe dikṣu sarvāsu pārthaḥ parapuraṃjayaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: At the end of an age, the sun seems to blaze as though it has passed beyond all bounds; in the same way Arjuna, son of Pṛthā—conqueror of enemy strongholds—was seen in every direction, displaying an unmeasured, all-pervading prowess.

काष्ठातीतःhaving crossed the limit (lit. beyond the boundary)
काष्ठातीतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकाष्ठातीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas/like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
आदित्यःthe Sun
आदित्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतपन्blazing, scorching
प्रतपन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-तप्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युगक्षयेat the end of an age (at dissolution)
युगक्षये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुगक्षय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
ददृशेwas seen/appeared
ददृशे:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
दिक्षुin the directions
दिक्षु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदिश्
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
सर्वासुin all
सर्वासु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
पार्थःPārtha (Arjuna)
पार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परपुरंजयःconqueror of enemy cities
परपुरंजयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरपुरंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna (Pārtha)
Ā
Āditya (Sun)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses a cosmic simile to stress that extraordinary force in war can become boundary-transcending and overwhelming like the sun at the end of time; such power demands discernment and responsibility within the frame of dharma.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Arjuna is visible in all directions on the battlefield, radiating irresistible might and pressing the fight as a conqueror of enemy strongholds.