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Shloka 4

अध्याय ९१ — शैनेयस्य गजानीकभेदनं जलसंधवधश्च

Chapter 91: Sātyaki breaks the elephant array and slays Jalasaṃdha

ततः सायकवर्षेण पर्जन्य इव वृष्टिमान्‌ । परानवाकिरत्‌ पार्थ: पर्वतानिव नीरद:,तदनन्तर अर्जुन बाणोंकी वर्षा करते हुए जल बरसानेवाले मेघके समान प्रतीत होने लगे। जैसे मेघ पानीकी वर्षा करके पर्वतोंको आच्छादित कर देता है, उसी प्रकार अर्जुनने अपनी बाण-वर्षसे शत्रुओंको ढक दिया

tataḥ sāyakavarṣeṇa parjanya iva vṛṣṭimān | parān avākirat pārthaḥ parvatān iva nīradaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: Then Pārtha (Arjuna), pouring forth a rain of arrows, appeared like a rain-laden cloud. As a cloud, by its downpour, covers the mountains, so did Arjuna blanket the enemy ranks with his shower of shafts—an image of overwhelming martial force directed toward victory in a dharma-bound war.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
सायक-वर्षेणby a shower of arrows
सायक-वर्षेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसायकवर्ष (सायक + वर्ष)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
पर्जन्यःthe rain-cloud (Parjanya)
पर्जन्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर्जन्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formअव्यय
वृष्टिमान्rain-bearing, raining
वृष्टिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवृष्टिमत्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
परान्the foes, the others (enemies)
परान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपर (शत्रु/अन्य)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
अवाकिरत्scattered over / covered
अवाकिरत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव √कॄ (किरति) / अव-किॄ (to scatter, cover)
Formलङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
पार्थःPartha (Arjuna)
पार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
पर्वतान्mountains
पर्वतान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वत
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formअव्यय
नीरदःcloud (water-giver)
नीरदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनीरद (नीर + द)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna (Pārtha)
A
arrows (sāyaka)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights disciplined, decisive action in a dharma-framed conflict: Arjuna’s force is portrayed as natural and inevitable like rainfall, suggesting that when duty is clear, execution should be steady, overwhelming, and without wavering.

Sañjaya describes Arjuna intensifying the battle by releasing a dense barrage of arrows, so thick that it seems to cover the opposing warriors, likened to a rain-cloud covering mountains with its downpour.