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Shloka 3

अध्याय ९१ — शैनेयस्य गजानीकभेदनं जलसंधवधश्च

Chapter 91: Sātyaki breaks the elephant array and slays Jalasaṃdha

स सम्प्रहारस्तुमुल: सम्प्रवृत्त: सुदारुण: । एकस्य च बहूनां च रथनागनरक्षय:,उस समय एक वीरका बहुत-से योद्धाओंके साथ बड़ा भयंकर घमासान युद्ध छिड़ गया, जो रथों, हाथियों और मनुष्योंका संहार करनेवाला था

sa samprahāras tumulaḥ sampravṛttaḥ sudāruṇaḥ | ekasya ca bahūnāṃ ca ratha-nāga-nara-kṣayaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: A tumultuous and exceedingly dreadful clash then broke out—one hero against many—bringing destruction to chariots, elephants, and men. The scene underscores how, once battle is unleashed, prowess and numbers alike are swallowed by indiscriminate ruin, and the moral weight of war falls upon all who sustain it.

सःhe/that (battle)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्प्रहारःclash, fierce combat
सम्प्रहारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसम्प्रहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुमुलःtumultuous, very fierce
तुमुलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्प्रवृत्तःarisen, set in, commenced
सम्प्रवृत्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-वृत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle), Passive (participial)
सुदारुणःvery dreadful, extremely cruel
सुदारुणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदारुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एकस्यof one (man/warrior)
एकस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बहूनाम्of many
बहूनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रथ-नाग-नर-क्षयःdestruction of chariots, elephants, and men
रथ-नाग-नर-क्षयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
रथ (chariots)
नाग (war-elephants)
नर (men/warriors)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the grim moral reality of war: once combat erupts, it becomes a force of indiscriminate destruction—overwhelming both the solitary hero and the multitude—consuming not only fighters but the very instruments of war (chariots, elephants).

Sañjaya describes a fierce melee that has begun, characterized as one warrior facing many, and emphasizes the scale of devastation across chariots, elephants, and men.