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Shloka 12

Jayadrathasya varaprāptiḥ (जयद्रथस्य वरप्राप्तिः) — Jayadratha’s boon and the restraint of the Pāṇḍava advance

भरतश्रेष्ठ] तब पुरुषप्रवर सुभद्राकुमार अभिमन्युने शंख बजाकर पुनः शीघ्र ही भारतीय सेनापर धावा किया ।। स कक्षेडग्निरिवोत्सृष्टो निर्दहंस्तरसा रिपून्‌ | मध्ये भारतसैन्यानामार्जुनि: पर्यवर्तत,सूखे जंगलमें छोड़ी हुई आगके समान वेगसे शत्रुओंको दग्ध करता हुआ अभिमन्यु कौरव-सेनाके बीचमें विचरने लगा

sañjaya uvāca |

sa kakṣed agnir ivotsṛṣṭo nirdahaṁs tarasā ripūn |

madhye bhāratasainyānām ārjuniḥ paryavartata ||

Sanjaya said: Like a fire released into a dry thicket, Abhimanyu—Arjuna’s son—moved about in the midst of the Bharata host, swiftly scorching the enemy ranks with irresistible force.

सःhe (Abhimanyu)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कक्षेin a thicket/brushwood
कक्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकक्ष
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अग्निःfire
अग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
उत्सृष्टःreleased/let loose
उत्सृष्टः:
TypeParticiple
Rootउत्-√सृज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive, Past (PPP)
निर्दहन्burning up
निर्दहन्:
TypeParticiple
Rootनिर्-√दह्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Active, Present (PAP)
तरसाwith force/impetuosity
तरसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतरस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
रिपून्enemies
रिपून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मध्येin the midst
मध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
भारतसैन्यानाम्of the Bharata armies
भारतसैन्यानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत-सैन्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
अर्जुनिःArjuni (Abhimanyu, descendant of Arjuna)
अर्जुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun (proper name/epithet)
Rootअर्जुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पर्यवर्ततmoved about/roamed
पर्यवर्तत:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-√वृत्
FormImperfect, Third, Singular, Active

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
A
Abhimanyu
A
Arjuna
B
Bharata army (Kuru host)
F
Fire (simile)
T
Thicket/forest brushwood (simile)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores kṣatriya-dharma in its battlefield form: decisive action, courage, and unwavering commitment to one’s role. Ethically, it presents martial energy as a force that must be directed by duty—powerful like fire, effective yet inherently destructive.

Sanjaya describes Abhimanyu charging and moving within the enemy host, burning through opponents with speed and force. The imagery compares his onslaught to a fire set loose in dry brush, emphasizing the intensity of his advance amid the Bharata/Kuru ranks.