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Shloka 13

संजयने कहा--प्रभो! चेदिदेशके युवराज, पौरव वृद्धक्षत्र तथा बाणोंके प्रयोगमें कुशल मालवराज सुदर्शनके मारे जानेपर धूृष्टद्युम्मन, सात्यकि और भीमसेनके परास्त हो जानेपर अर्जुनके मनमें बड़ा कष्ट हुआ था। इसके सिवा, युधिष्ठिरके उन व्यंगवचनोंसे उनके मर्मस्थलमें बड़ी चोट पहुँची थी और पहलेके दुःखोंका स्मरण करके भी उनका हृदय फट गया था; अतः: अधिक खेदके कारण अर्जुनके मनमें अभूतपूर्व क्रोध जाग उठा || १०-- १२ || तस्मादनर्हमशलीलमप्रियं द्रौणिमुक्तवान्‌ | मान्यमाचार्यतनयं रूक्ष॑ं कापुरुषं यथा,इसीलिये माननीय आचार्यपुत्र अश्वत्थामाके प्रति, जो कठोर वचन सुननेके योग्य नहीं था, अर्जुनने कायर मनुष्यसे कहनेयोग्य अश्लील, अप्रिय और कठोर बातें कह डालीं

tasmād anarham aśalīlam apriyaṃ drauṇim uktavān | mānyam ācārya-tanayaṃ rūksaṃ kāpuruṣaṃ yathā ||

Sañjaya said: “O lord! When the prince of Cedi was slain, and the aged Paurava warrior and Sudarśana, king of the Mālavas skilled in the use of arrows, were also killed; when Dhṛṣṭadyumna, Sātyaki, and Bhīmasena were defeated, great anguish seized Arjuna. Moreover, Yudhiṣṭhira’s barbed words struck him in his most sensitive place; remembering former sorrows, his heart seemed to split. Therefore, from excess of grief, an unprecedented anger awoke in Arjuna. And so he spoke to Aśvatthāman, Droṇa’s son—revered, and not fit to be addressed with harsh speech—unworthy words, indecent and bitter, such as one would hurl at a coward.”

तस्मात्therefore, from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
Formablative singular used adverbially (tasmāt)
अनर्हम्unfit, undeserving
अनर्हम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनर्ह
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अशलीलम्indecent, improper
अशलीलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअशलील
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अप्रियम्unpleasant, disagreeable
अप्रियम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रिय
Formneuter, accusative, singular
द्रौणिम्Drauni (Aśvatthāman), son of Droṇa
द्रौणिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौणि
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
उक्तवान्said, spoke
उक्तवान्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्तवतुँ (past active participle), masculine, nominative, singular
मान्यम्worthy of honor, venerable
मान्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमान्य
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
आचार्यतनयम्the teacher's son (son of the preceptor)
आचार्यतनयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआचार्य-तनय
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
रूक्षम्harsh, rough
रूक्षम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootरूक्ष
Formneuter, accusative, singular
कापुरुषम्a coward, base man
कापुरुषम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकापुरुष
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
यथाas, like (as if to a ...)
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
Formindeclinable

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna
A
Aśvatthāman (Drauṇi, son of Droṇa)
D
Droṇa (Ācārya)