Shloka 8

Devanagari script

तमहं सगणं राजन्‌ सवाजिरथकुज्जरम्‌

Transliteration

tam ahaṁ sagaṇaṁ rājan savājirathakuñjaram

Translation

Sañjaya said: “O King, I beheld him together with his followers—along with his horses, chariots, and elephants.”

Word by Word

• तम्: him/that (person)
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: Nominative, Singular

• सगणम्: together with his troop/retinue
• सगणम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सगण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• स: with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स

• वाजि: with horse(s)
• वाजि: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाजिन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• रथ: with chariot(s)
• रथ: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• कुञ्जरम्: elephant
• कुञ्जरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुञ्जर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• horses
• chariots
• elephants
• troops/retinue (gaṇa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the scale and organized nature of warfare: leaders are not isolated individuals but are embedded in networks of followers and military resources. Ethically, it hints at the weight of responsibility borne by those who command such forces.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra what he has observed on the battlefield—seeing a particular warrior (referred to as “him”) accompanied by his contingent and the main arms of the army: horses, chariots, and elephants.