Shloka 12

द्रोणनिन्दाश्रवणं तथा सात्यकि–पार्षतविवादः

Hearing the reproach of Droṇa and the Sātyaki–Pārṣata dispute

Devanagari script

तस्मिंस्तु निहते चक्रे सूतजेन महात्मना

Transliteration

tasmiṁstu nihate cakre sūtajena mahātmanā

Translation

Sañjaya said: When that wheel had been struck down by the great-hearted son of a charioteer, the course of the battle turned—an emblem of how, in war, a single decisive act can unsettle even the mightiest and expose the fragile dependence of power on its instruments.

Word by Word

• तस्मिन्: in that (situation/time)
• तस्मिन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• निहते: when (it was) slain/struck down
• निहते: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb-derived Adjective (Past Passive Participle)
• Root: नि-हन्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• चक्रे: in the wheel/discus
• चक्रे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्र
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• सूतजेन: by the charioteer’s son (Karna)
• सूतजेन: Karana
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सूतज
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• महात्मना: by the great-souled (one)
• महात्मना: Karana
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: महात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• cakra (wheel)
• sūtaja (son of a charioteer)