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Shloka 4

Adhyāya 16: Saṃśaptaka-vrata and the Diversion of Arjuna (द्रोणपर्व, अध्याय १६)

तेनारदिता महाराज रथिन: सादिनस्तथा । निपेतुरुरव्या सहसा वातभग्ना इव द्रुमा:,राजन! जैसे प्रचण्ड आँधीसे सहसा बड़े-बड़े वृक्ष टूटकर गिर जाते हैं, उसी प्रकार वृषसेनके द्वारा पीड़ित हुए रथी और अन्य योद्धागण सहसा धरतीपर गिरने लगे

tenārditā mahārāja rathinaḥ sādinastathā | nipetur urvyā sahasā vātabhagnā iva drumāḥ ||

Sañjaya said: O great king, struck down by Vṛṣasena, the chariot-warriors and likewise the horsemen suddenly fell upon the earth—like trees shattered and toppled at once by a violent wind. The image underscores the irresistible momentum of battle, where prowess can fell many in an instant, and where the king must weigh the human cost that follows from the chosen course of war.

तेनby him/thereby
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
अर्दिताःafflicted, tormented
अर्दिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्दित (अर्द् धातु, क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सादिनःhorsemen (mounted warriors)
सादिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसादिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाand also, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
निपेतुःfell down
निपेतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + पत्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
उरव्याम्on the earth
उरव्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootउर्वी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
सहसाsuddenly, at once
सहसा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
वातby wind
वात:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवात
FormMasculine, Instrumental (in compound sense), Singular
भग्नाःbroken
भग्नाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभग्न (भञ्ज् धातु, क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
द्रुमाःtrees
द्रुमाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रुम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
V
Vṛṣasena
R
rathinaḥ (chariot-warriors)
S
sādinaḥ (horsemen)
U
urvī (earth)
V
vāta (wind)
D
druma (trees)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the suddenness and scale of destruction in war: even mighty warriors can fall instantly when overpowered. Implicitly it presses the ethical burden of kingship—leaders must recognize that strategic choices unleash irreversible human loss.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Vṛṣasena is striking down opposing fighters; chariot-warriors and horsemen collapse to the ground in large numbers, compared to trees felled by a fierce wind.