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Shloka 37

Droṇa Encircled at Night: Coalition Advance and Battlefield Omens (द्रोणपर्यावरणं रात्रियुद्धवर्णनम्)

तैः समन्ताद्‌ वृतः शूरै: समरेषु महारथ: । तान्‌ समीक्ष्य तु कौन्तेयो भीमसेन: पराक्रमी । अभ्यवर्तत वेगेन सिंह: क्षुद्रमूगानिव,उन शूरवीरोंके द्वारा समरभूमिमें महारथी भीम सब ओरसे घिर गये थे। उन सबको सामने देखकर पराक्रमशाली कुन्तीकुमार भीमसेन उसी प्रकार वेगसे आगे बढ़े, जैसे सिंह क्षुद्र मूगोंकी ओर बढ़ता है

taiḥ samantād vṛtaḥ śūraiḥ samareṣu mahārathaḥ | tān samīkṣya tu kaunteyo bhīmasenaḥ parākramī | abhyavartata vegena siṁhaḥ kṣudramṛgān iva ||

Sanjaya said: Surrounded on every side in the battlefield by those heroes, Bhima, the great chariot-warrior, was hemmed in. Seeing them all before him, Bhimasena, the mighty son of Kunti, surged forward with speed—like a lion charging at petty beasts.

तैःby them
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
समन्तात्on all sides, all around
समन्तात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्तात्
वृतःsurrounded
वृतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवृत (√वृ, आवरणे)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
शूरैःby heroes
शूरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
समरेषुin battles
समरेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
महारथःgreat chariot-warrior
महारथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
समीक्ष्यhaving looked at, seeing
समीक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-ईक्ष्
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-ल्यप्), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
तुbut, then
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
कौन्तेयःson of Kunti (Bhima)
कौन्तेयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकौन्तेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भीमसेनःBhimasena
भीमसेनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीमसेन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पराक्रमीvaliant
पराक्रमी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपराक्रमिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभ्यवर्ततadvanced, rushed towards
अभ्यवर्तत:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-√वृत् (वर्तते/वर्तति)
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वेगेनwith speed
वेगेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवेग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सिंहःa lion
सिंहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षुद्रsmall, petty
क्षुद्र:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षुद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मृगान्deer/animals
मृगान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
B
Bhimasena (Bhima)
K
Kunti (as implied by 'Kaunteya')
B
battlefield (samara)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights steadfast courage and kṣatriya resolve: even when surrounded, a righteous warrior does not collapse into fear but advances with clarity and strength. The lion-simile frames moral confidence—inner firmness—amid the disorder of battle.

Bhima, an elite chariot-warrior, is encircled by enemy heroes on the battlefield. After assessing them, he charges forward powerfully, compared to a lion rushing at lesser animals.