Shloka 12

Adhyāya 74 (Book 6, Bhīṣma-parva): Bhīma–Duryodhana re-engagement and afternoon escalation

Devanagari script

श्रुत्वा गाण्डीवनिर्घोषं विस्फूर्जितमिवाशने: । सर्वसैन्यानि भीतानि व्यवालीयन्त भारत,भारत! बिजलीकी गड़गड़ाहटके समान गाण्डीवका गम्भीर घोष सुनकर हमारे समस्त सैनिक भयभीत हो लुकने-छिपने लगे

Transliteration

śrutvā gāṇḍīva-nirghoṣaṁ visphūrjitam ivāśaneḥ | sarva-sainyāni bhītāni vyavālīyanta bhārata bhārata ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Hearing the deep, thunder-like roar of the Gāṇḍīva—like the crack of lightning—our entire host was seized with fear and began to recoil and scatter, O Bhārata.

Word by Word

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), कर्तरि

• गाण्डीव-निर्घोषम्: the roar/sound of (the bow) Gāṇḍīva
• गाण्डीव-निर्घोषम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गाण्डीव + निर्घोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• विस्फूर्जितम्: thundered/roared
• विस्फूर्जितम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + स्फूर्ज् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• इव: like, as if
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• अशनेः: of the thunderbolt / lightning
• Type: Noun
• Root: अशनिः (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• सर्व-सैन्यानि: all the armies/troops
• सर्व-सैन्यानि: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व + सैन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• भीतानि: frightened
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीत (प्रातिपदिक; √भी)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• व्यवालीयन्त: withdrew / recoiled / shrank back
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + अव + ली (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• भारत: O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Gāṇḍīva
• Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
• Kaurava army (implied by 'our troops')
• Arjuna (implied as wielder of Gāṇḍīva)