Shloka 28

Rajo-dhūli-saṃmūḍha-saṅgrāmaḥ

The Dust-Obscured Battle and Mutual Charges

Devanagari script

तमापततन्तं सम्प्रेक्ष्य मत्तवारणविक्रमम्‌,मतवाले हाथीके समान पराक्रम प्रकट करनेवाले शंखको धावा करते देख आपके सात रथियोंने मौतके दाँतोंमें फँसे हुए मद्राज शल्यको बचानेकी इच्छा रखकर उन्हें चारों ओरसे घेर लिया

Transliteration

tam āpatantaṃ samprekṣya mattavāraṇa-vikramam | matavāle hāthī ke samāna parākrama prakaṭa karanevāle śaṅkha ko dhāvata dekhā āpake sāt rathiyoṃ ne maut ke dāṃtoṃ meṃ phaṃse hue madrāja śalya ko bacāne kī icchā rakhkar unheṃ cāroṃ or se ghera liyā |

Translation

Sañjaya said: Seeing Śaṅkha charging in—displaying the might of a rutting elephant—your seven chariot-warriors, wishing to rescue the Madra king Śalya who had fallen into the jaws of death, surrounded him on all sides.

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आपतन्तम्: rushing/charging (towards)
• आपतन्तम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: आपत् (धातु: पत्/आपत्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular, शतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + प्र + ईक्ष्
• Form: ल्यप् (क्त्वान्त अव्यय), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• मत्त: intoxicated/maddened
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मत्त
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• वारण: elephant
• Type: Noun
• Root: वारण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• विक्रमम्: valor/stride/might
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्रम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• मतवाले: in/like (one) intoxicated
• मतवाले: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मतवाल (मत + वाल)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• हाथीके: of an elephant
• Type: Noun
• Root: हस्तिन् (हाथी)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• समान: equal/like
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समान
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पराक्रम: prowess
• पराक्रम: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पराक्रम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्रकट: manifest
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रकट
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• करनेवाले: doing/making (ones who do)
• करनेवाले: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, शतृ/तृच्-समर्थ (कर्तृवाचक)

• शंख: Shankha (name) / conch
• शंख: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शङ्ख
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• को: whom
• को: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• धावा: charge/rush
• धावा: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धाव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• करते: doing/making
• करते: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, शतृ (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• देख: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा/ल्यप्-समर्थ (अव्ययार्थ), usage-neutral

• आपके: your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• सात: seven
• सात: Karta
• Type: Numeral
• Root: सप्तन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• रथियोंने: by the chariot-warriors
• रथियोंने: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथिन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• मौतके: of death
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृत्यु
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• दाँतोंमें: in the teeth
• दाँतोंमें: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दन्त
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• फँसे: caught/ensnared
• Type: Verb
• Root: फस् (प्राकृत/हिन्दी; संस्कृत: सञ्ज्/लग्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (भूतकृदन्त)

• हुए: having become/being
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (भूतकृदन्त)

• मद्राज: king of Madra
• मद्राज: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्रराज (मद्र + राजन्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• शल्य: Shalya
• शल्य: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शल्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• को: him
• को: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• बचानेकी: of saving / to save
• Type: Verb
• Root: रक्ष्/त्रा
• Form: तुमुन्/अर्थे (infinitive sense), Feminine, Genitive, Singular

• इच्छा: desire
• इच्छा: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: इच्छा
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• रखकर: having held/keeping
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृ
• Form: क्त्वा/ल्यप्-समर्थ (अव्ययार्थ)

• उन्हें: him
• उन्हें: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• चारों: all four / on all sides
• Type: Numeral
• Root: चतुर्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• ओरसे: from the side/direction
• ओरसे: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिक्/ओर (संस्कृत: दिश्)
• Form: Feminine, Ablative, Singular

• घेर: surrounded
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत्/परि + वृत् (अर्थ: आवरणे)
• Form: Past (implied narrative), 3rd, Plural

• लिया: took/did
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा/ग्रह् (अर्थ: ग्रहण)
• Form: Past (implied narrative), 3rd, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Śaṅkha
• Śalya
• Madra (as Madrāja)
• seven chariot-warriors (Kaurava side)