Shloka 16
Karma-Saṃnyāsa–Karma-Yoga Saṃvāda
Renunciation and the Discipline of Action
एवं प्रवर्तितं चक्र नानुवर्तयतीह य: । अघायुरिन्द्रियारामो मोघं पार्थ स जीवति
evaṁ pravartitaṁ cakraṁ nānuvartayatīha yaḥ | aghāyur indriyārāmo moghaṁ pārtha sa jīvati ||
O Pārtha, the person who does not follow here the wheel of cosmic order thus set in motion—who refuses to live in harmony with the inherited rhythm of duty and sacrifice—lives in vain. Delighting only in the senses, such a one lives a sinful, wasted life, severed from the sustaining reciprocity that upholds the world.
अजुन उवाच
Educational Q&A
A human life becomes ethically empty when one refuses to participate in the world-sustaining cycle of duty and sacrifice (yajña/reciprocity). Mere sense-enjoyment, detached from responsibility and contribution, is condemned as sinful and ‘lived in vain.’
In the Kurukṣetra setting, Arjuna is being instructed on why action cannot be abandoned. This verse concludes a line of reasoning: the cosmos runs on a reciprocal cycle (duty → offering/service → shared sustenance), and the person who breaks that cycle by neglecting prescribed responsibilities becomes a self-centered consumer whose life is spiritually fruitless.