Shloka 18

Bhīṣma-nipāta-saṃvāda — Sañjaya’s Report of Bhīṣma’s Fall (भीष्मनिपातसंवादः)

Devanagari script

कथं भीष्मेण संग्रामं प्राकुर्वन्‌ पाण्डुनन्दना: । कथं च नाजयद्‌ भीष्मो द्रोणे जीवति संजय,संजय! पाण्डवोंने भीष्मके साथ संग्राम कैसे किया? द्रोणाचार्यके जीते-जी भीष्म विजयी कैसे नहीं हो सके?

Transliteration

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca |

kathaṁ bhīṣmeṇa saṅgrāmaṁ prākurvan pāṇḍu-nandanāḥ |

kathaṁ ca nājayad bhīṣmo droṇe jīvati, sañjaya ||

Translation

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: “How did the sons of Pāṇḍu undertake battle against Bhīṣma? And, Sañjaya, while Droṇa was still alive, how did Bhīṣma fail to secure victory?”

Word by Word

• कथम्: how?
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम्

• भीष्मेण: by/with Bhishma
• भीष्मेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• संग्रामम्: battle
• संग्रामम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: संग्राम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• प्राकुर्वन्: did/undertook (began, waged)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + कृ
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural

• पाण्डुनन्दनाः: sons of Pandu (the Pandavas)
• पाण्डुनन्दनाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डु-नन्दन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कथम्: how?
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम्

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• अजयत्: conquered/was victorious
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular

• भीष्मः: Bhishma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• द्रोणे: while Drona (was present/alive); in/with Drona
• द्रोणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• जीवति: living; being alive
• Type: Verb
• Root: जीव्
• Form: Present (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular

• संजय: O Sanjaya
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• संजय: O Sanjaya
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

धृतराष्ट उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Bhīṣma
• Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)
• Droṇa
• Sañjaya