Mahabharata — Ashvamedhika Parva, Shloka 55
Mind as Charioteer; Kṣetrajña, Tapas, and Dhyāna-Yoga
Adhyātma-Upadeśa
Devanagari script
अहंकारात् परा बुद्धिर्बुद्धेरात्मा तत: पर: । तस्मात् तु परमव्यक्तमव्यक्तात् पुरुष: पर:
Translation
“Higher than ego-sense (ahaṅkāra) is intellect (buddhi); higher than intellect is the self (ātman); higher than the self is the unmanifest (avyakta); and higher than the unmanifest is the Person (puruṣa).”
Word by Word
अहंकारात्from ego (ahaṅkāra)
अहंकारात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअहंकार
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
पराhigher/superior
परा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिःintellect
बुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धेःfrom intellect
बुद्धेः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
आत्माself
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःfrom that/thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
परःhigher/superior
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
परम्supreme
परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अव्यक्तम्unmanifest (principle)
अव्यक्तम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अव्यक्तात्from the unmanifest
अव्यक्तात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
पुरुषःPuruṣa (spirit/person)
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परःhigher/superior
परः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
वायुदेव उवाच
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes