Shloka 19
तमोगुण-निरूपण
Analysis of Tamas and its Marks
वृथारम्भा हि ये केचिद् वृथा दानानि यानि च । वृथा भक्षणमित्येतत् तामसं वृत्तमिष्यते,(विधि और श्रद्धासे रहित) व्यर्थ कार्योका आरम्भ करना, (देश-काल-पात्रका विचार न करके अश्रद्धा और अवहेलनापूर्वक) व्यर्थ दान देना तथा (देवता और अतिथिको दिये बिना) व्यर्थ भोजन करना भी तामसिक कार्य है
vṛthārambhā hi ye kecid vṛthā dānāni yāni ca | vṛthā bhakṣaṇam ity etat tāmasaṁ vṛttam iṣyate ||
Vāyu said: “Any undertakings begun in vain, any gifts given in vain, and eating done in vain—this kind of conduct is regarded as tāmasa (dark, deluded).” In ethical terms, actions performed without due regard for proper rule and reverence—such as giving without considering time, place, and recipient, or eating without first honoring the divine and guests—are counted as tamasic because they lack mindful purpose and dharmic orientation.
वायुदेव उवाच
Educational Q&A
Actions become tamasic when they are done ‘in vain’—without proper purpose, rule (vidhi), and reverence (śraddhā). Beginning projects heedlessly, giving charity without considering time/place/recipient, and eating without honoring the divine and guests are cited as examples of such deluded conduct.
Vāyudeva is instructing the listener on ethical classification of behavior by the guṇas, identifying certain careless forms of action, charity, and eating as tamasic because they disregard dharmic propriety and mindful intention.