Shloka 52
Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa
Measures of Time and the Four Yugas
Devanagari script
त्रेतादौ संहिता वेदाः केवला धर्मसेतवः / संरोधादायुषश्चैव वर्त्स्यन्ते द्वापरेषु वै
Transliteration
tretādau saṃhitā vedāḥ kevalā dharmasetavaḥ / saṃrodhādāyuṣaścaiva vartsyante dvāpareṣu vai
Translation
At the dawn of Tretā, the Vedas were only Saṃhitās, nothing but bridges of dharma; as lifespan contracted, they would endure in Dvāpara (in divided form).
Word by Word
tretā-ādauat the beginning of the Tretā age
tretā-ādau:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Roottretā + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन — ‘at the beginning of Tretā (yuga)’
saṃhitāḥin saṃhitā form/compiled
saṃhitāḥ:
Karta-pradhāna viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṃhitā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (agreeing with vedāḥ), प्रथमा, बहुवचन — ‘compiled/collected (as saṃhitā)’
vedāḥthe Vedas
vedāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootveda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
kevalāḥsole/only
kevalāḥ:
Karta-pradhāna viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkevala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — ‘only/solely’
dharma-setavaḥbridges/supports of dharma
dharma-setavaḥ:
Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृ-समानााधिकरण/Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma + setu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (‘bridge of dharma’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — predicate noun for vedāḥ
saṃrodhātfrom/due to restraint
saṃrodhāt:
Hetu (हेतु/Ablative-cause)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃrodha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन — ‘due to restraint/obstruction’
āyuṣaḥof lifespan
āyuṣaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootāyus (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन — ‘of lifespan’
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
evaindeed
eva:
Emphasis (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphasis)
vartsyantewill continue/occur
vartsyante:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√vṛt (वृत् धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन, आत्मनेपद — ‘will proceed/continue’
dvāpareṣuin the Dvāpara ages
dvāpareṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootdvāpara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन — ‘in the Dvāpara (ages)’
vaiindeed
vai:
Emphasis (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphatic particle)