Brahma Purana — Shiva on Dharma: Nonviolence, Truthful Speech, Mental Discipline, and the Karmic Causes of Heaven and Longevity, Shloka 23
Devanagari script
ये वर्जयन्ति परुषं परद्रोहं च मानवाः सर्वभूतसमा दान्तास् ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः //
Translation
This verse (no. 23) extols Dharma and enjoins reverence toward the Divine and one’s teachers.
Word by Word
yewho
ye:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; relative pronoun
varjayantithey avoid
varjayanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√varj (वर्ज्)
FormLaṭ (present), Prathama puruṣa (3rd), Bahuvacana, Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
paruṣamharshness / harsh speech
paruṣam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootparuṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; object of varjayanti
para-drohambetrayal of others
para-droham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpara (प्रातिपदिक) + droha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: 'parān prati drohaḥ' (treachery toward others); object of varjayanti
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय-निपात)
mānavāḥhumans, men
mānavāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmānava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; apposition to ye/te
sarva-bhūta-samāḥequal to all beings
sarva-bhūta-samāḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa / Predicative (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūta (प्रातिपदिक) + sama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; tatpuruṣa: 'sarveṣu bhūteṣu samāḥ' (equal toward all beings); predicate adjective
dāntāḥself-controlled
dāntāḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdānta (कृदन्त; क्त)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; kta-participle of √dam (दम्) 'to tame' meaning 'self-controlled'
tethose
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana
narāḥmen, people
narāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana
svarga-gāminaḥheaven-going
svarga-gāminaḥ:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa / Predicative (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsvarga (प्रातिपदिक) + gāmin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; predicate adjective
Speaker
Śiva to Umā/Devī