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Shloka 10

Vidura Leaves Hastināpura and Meets Uddhava

Vidura’s Tīrtha-yātrā Begins

यदोपहूतो भवनं प्रविष्टो मन्त्राय पृष्ट: किल पूर्वजेन । अथाह तन्मन्त्रद‍ृशां वरीयान् यन्मन्त्रिणो वैदुरिकं वदन्ति ॥ १० ॥

yadopahūto bhavanaṁ praviṣṭo mantrāya pṛṣṭaḥ kila pūrvajena athāha tan mantra-dṛśāṁ varīyān yan mantriṇo vaidurikaṁ vadanti

When Vidura was summoned by his elder brother Dhṛtarāṣṭra for counsel, he entered the house and, questioned by the senior, spoke advice exact and to the point. Vidura’s instructions are renowned and are approved by expert ministers of state.

yadāwhen
yadā:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadā (अव्यय)
FormTemporal adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)
upahūtaḥhaving been summoned
upahūtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (as predicate to implied subject)
TypeVerb
Rootupa√hū (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
FormPast passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ‘having been summoned/called’
bhavanamthe house/palace
bhavanam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbhavana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
praviṣṭaḥhaving entered
praviṣṭaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (predicate to implied subject)
TypeVerb
Rootpra√viś (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
FormPast active participle in sense (क्त-कृदन्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ‘entered’
mantrāyafor counsel/consultation
mantrāya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootmantra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; purpose (प्रयोजनार्थे चतुर्थी)
pṛṣṭaḥbeing asked
pṛṣṭaḥ:
Karma (कर्म) (of asking; patient)
TypeVerb
Root√prach (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
FormPast passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ‘asked/questioned’
kilaindeed/it is said
kila:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkila (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), reportative/emphatic
pūrvajenaby the elder/older brother
pūrvajena:
Karta (कर्ता) (agent of asking)
TypeNoun
Rootpūrvaja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular
athathen
atha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
FormConjunctive particle (समुच्चय/अनन्तरार्थक निपात)
āhasaid
āha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√ah (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथम-पुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म) (object: ‘that [speech/thing]’)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; demonstrative pronoun
mantra-dṛśāmof the counsellor-seers
mantra-dṛśām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootmantra (प्रातिपदिक) + dṛś (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural; ‘of the seers/knowers of counsel’
varīyānthe better/superior
varīyān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvarīyas (प्रातिपदिक; comparative)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; comparative (तर/ईयस्)
yatwhich/that which
yat:
Karma (कर्म) (object of ‘vadanti’)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; relative pronoun
mantriṇaḥministers/counsellors
mantriṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmantrin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
vaidurikam(like) a cat’s-eye gem / vaidurika
vaidurikam:
Karma (कर्म) (predicate/object described as such)
TypeNoun
Rootvaidurika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; gemstone ‘cat’s-eye’ (vaidūrya) / ‘vaidurika’
vadantisay
vadanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vad (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथम-पुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

Political suggestions by Vidura are known as expert, just as, in modern times, Paṇḍita Cāṇakya is considered the authority in good counsel in both political and moral instructions.

V
Vidura
D
Dhritarashtra

FAQs

This verse praises the ideal of dharmic counsel: a truly wise person, when asked, speaks clear and faultless advice that even seasoned ministers recognize as excellent.

As the elder of the Kuru house, Dhritarashtra summons Vidura to the palace and questions him, seeking guidance—setting the stage for Vidura’s truthful, corrective instruction.

When asked for advice, speak with clarity, integrity, and the other person’s long-term welfare in mind—even if the truth is uncomfortable.